PG Syllabus - Mumbai Veterinary CollegeMumbai Veterinary College

M.V.SC. COURSE STRUCTURE

CODE	COURSE TITLE	CREDITS
VCM 601	RUMINANT CLINICAL MEDICINE-I	2+0
VCM 602	RUMINANT CLINICAL MEDICINE-II	2+0
VCM 603	EQUINE CLINICAL MEDICINE	2+0
VCM 604	CANINE AND FELINE CLINICAL MEDICINE	2+0
VCM 605	SWINE CLINICAL MEDICINE	1+0
VCM 606	AVIAN MEDICINE	1+0
VCM 607	ZOO, WILD & LABORATORY, ANIMAIL MEDICINE	2+0
VCM 608	CLINICAL DISEASES OF ANIMAL SPECIES* OF REGIONAL IMPORTANCE	1+0
VCM 609	PRODUCTION DISEASES	2+0
VCM 610	DISEASES OF ANIMALS CAUSED BY TOXICANTS	1+0
VCM 611	VETERINARY FORENSIC MEDICINE	1+1
VCM 612	CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES	0+2
VCM 613	VETERINARY EMERGENCY MEDICINE	0+2
VCM 614	CLINICAL PRACTICAL-I	0+3
VCM 615	CLINICAL PRACTICAL-II	0+3
VCM 691	MASTER’S SEMINAR	1+0
VCM 699	MASTER’S RESEARCH	20

Credit distribution:

Sr. No.	ISemester		IISemester		III Semester		IV Semester
	Course no.	Credit	Course no.	Course no.	Credit	Credit	Course no.	Credit
1	VCM-601	2+0=2	VCM-615	0+3=3	VCM-603	2+0=2	VCM-699	0+20=20
2	VCM-612	0+2=2	VCM-602	2+0=2	VCM-606	1+0=1	–	–
3	VCM-614	0+3=3	VCM-613	0+2=2	VCM-607	2+0=2	–	–
4	VCM-604	2+0=2	VCM-605	1+0=1	VCM-610	1+0=1	–	–
5	VCM-608	1+0=1	VCM-609	2+0=2	VCM-611	1+1=2	–	–
6	–	–	–	–	VCM-691	1+0=1	–	–
Total Credit		5+5=10		5+5=10		8+1=9		0+20=20

Lecture schedule

VCM– 601 RUMINANT CLINICAL MEDICINE – I 2 + 0= 2

Objective: Study of various body systems of bovine, sheep & goats.

Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical findings, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of following systemic diseases in ruminants

Lecture No.	Topics to be covered
1	History and scope of medicine, concept of animal diseases, concept of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis
	Unit I General Systemic States
2	Hyperthermia and hypothermia
3	Fever
4	Septicemia and toxaemia
5	Dehydration, acidosis and alkalosis
6	Shock, oedema
7	Oedema
8	Allergy and anaphylaxis,
	Unit II Diseases of alimentary, liver & urinary system – I
9	Stomatitis,Parotitis, pharyngitis, pharyngeal nerve paralysis
10	Oesophagitis and choke
11	Enteritis
12	Colic
13	Simple indigestion, acid and alkaline indigestion
14	Bloat / Tympany
15	Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
16	Diaphrgamatic hernia and vagus indigestion
17	Abomasal displacement, abomasal bloat in calves and lambs
18	Intestinal obstruction including paralytic ileus, Caecal dilatation
19	Hepatitis, Cirrhosis
20	Jaundice
21	Nephritis, Nephrosis
22	Cystitis and Urethritis
23	Urolithiasis
24	Renal failure (Acute and Chronic), Uraemia
	Unit III Diseases of Respiratory & Nervous system
25	Rhinitis, Laryngitis and Bronchitis
26	Pneumonia, Pulmonary edema
27	Pneumothorax, Pulmonary emphysema
28	Pleurisy, Hydrothorax
29	Encephalitis
30	Encephalomalacia, Cerebral oedema
31	Meningitis, Space occupying lesions in brain (Abscess, Cyst)
32	Brain and spinal cord injury, Paralysis

Suggested books for reading

1) Gordon R. F. and Jordan ETW 1982. Poultry diseases. ELBS

2) Leeson, S. Diaz G. Summers JD 2001. Poultry metabolic disorders and Mycotoxins. IBDC Publication

VCM-607 ZOO WILD & LABORATORY ANIMALS MEDICINE 2 + 0 =2

Objctive : Study of diseases & health management of zoo, wild & laboratory animals.

Lecture No.	Topics
	UNIT-I Etiology, Symptoms, diagnosis and management of various diseases of zoo, wild and laboratory animals. Diseases of urinary System
1-19	Tubeculosis, Leptospirosis, Salmonellosis, tetanus, Haemorhagic Septicemia, Anthrax, Pox, Foot & mouth Diseases,Adeno virus, Colibacilosis, Herpes Viral Infection,Rabies Theileria, Trypanosomiasis, Anaplasmosis Pneumonia, Capture myopathy, Metritis, Peritonitis, , Candidiasis, Cirrhosis, Jaundice, Gastritis, gastric Dilatation, Enteritis, Colon impaction, Foot rot, Broken tusk, Pododermatitis, Arthritis, corneal Opacity, Internal & external parasite.
20-23	ARF,CRF, Cystitis, Hydronephrosis,Uroliasis
	UNIT-II Disease, Restraint, Feeding and health management of exotic animals kept as pet
24-27	Lab, Animal Rabbit-Pasturella, Bordetella, Viral Haemorrhagic Diseases,, Infectious myxomatosis, Papillomatosis, Pox, Pseudotuberculosis, Mastitis, Pneumonia, Listeriosis, Salmonellosis, Coccidiosis, Ringworm, Endoparasite, Ectoparasite, Aflatoxicosis G.Pig- Coccidiosis, Enteritis, Pneumonia, Myxomatosis, Snuffle, Aflatoxicosis,
28	Chemical restraints & transportation
29	Feeding habit in zoo & wild
30	General Principle and health management
31	Management of lab. Animals
32	Sanitation & disinfectants

SuggestedReadings:-

Baker HJ. 1978. Pathology Of Laboratory Animals. Springer,New York.

Fowler ME. 1986. Zoo & Wild Animal Medicine. 2^nd Ed. WB Saunders.

Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM & Quimby FW. (Eds.).2004. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 2^nd Ed.

Hafez ESE (Ed.). Reproduction & Breeding Techniques for Laboratory animals. Lea & Fabiger.

Hrapkiewicz K. 2007. Clinical Laboratory Animal Medicine- An Introduction. 3^rd Ed. Blackwell Publ.

Joshi BP. 1991. Wild Animal Medicine- Kalyani.

Sirois M. 2005. Laboratry Animal Medicine: Principles & Procedures. 2^nd Ed. Elsevier.

VCM-608 CLINICAL DISEASES OF ANIMAL SPECIES OF REGIONAL IMPORTANCE 1+0=1

NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF BOVINE

Objective: Study of Non-infectious Diseases of Important Regional Animal Species

Lecture No.	Topics to be covered
Unit I
1	Setariosis, Haemato-microfilariosis.
2	Allotriophagia (Pica)
3-4	Simple Indigestion, Acidic Indigestion, Alkaline Indigestion
5	Fat Liver Syndrome, Low Milk Fat syndrome
6	Foreign Body Syndrome (Penetrating and non-penetrating) ,Diaphragmatic Hernia
7	Enteritis
8	Aspiration Pneumonia
9	Pulmonary Emphysema
10	Urolithiasis
11	Encephalitis
12	Snake Envenomation
13	HCN Poisoning
14	Pesticide Poisoning
15	Copper and Phosphorous deficiency
Unit-II
16-18	Rumen fluid analysis, Haemogram, Radiographic interpretations,CSF Analysis Biochemical estimations and Urine analysis,Trypsin Inhibition Test.

SuggestedReadings:

RadostitsOM, Gay C.C., Blood D.C. & Hinchcliff K.W.2000. Veterinary Medicine.

W.B. Saunders

VCM-609 PRODUCTION DISEASES 2+0=2

Objectives: Study of Metabolic, Production and Deficiency diseases of domestic animals

Lecture No.	Topics to be covered
Unit I
1-2	General aspects, Introduction, concept of metabolic disease and CMPT
3-4	Parturient Paresis (Milk fever)
5-6	Downer’s Cow syndrome
7-8	Ketosis
9	Pregnancy Toxemia
10-11	Nutritional haemoglobinuria
12-13	Hypomagnesemic tetany and Whole Milk Tetany.
Unit II
14	Lactation tetany in mares
15	Eclampsia in bitches
16	Osteodystrophia fibrosa in Equines and Caprines
17	Azoturia in equines
18	Equine Hyperlipidemia
19	Rheumatism-like syndrome in buffaloes(Osteomalacia)
20	Hypothyroidism in Dogs
21-22	Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes insipidus in dogs
Unit III
	Diseases caused by deficiency of
23-24	Calcium, Phosphorus and Vit D₃
25-27	Vit A, Vit B-complex, Vit C and Vit K
Unit IV
	Diseases caused by deficiency of
28-29	Iron, Copper, Cobalt
30-31	Iodine, Zinc, Manganese
32	Vit. E and Selenium

SuggestedReadings:

Dunn JK. 1999. Text Book of Small Animal Medicine. WB Saunders.

Radostits Om, Gay C.C., Blood D.C. & Hinchcliff K.W.2000. Veterinary Medicine.

W.B. Saunders

VCM- 610 DISEASES OF ANIMALS CAUSED BY TOXICANTS 1 + 0=1

Objctive : Study of diseases caused by various toxicants in domestic animals.

Lecture No.	Topics to be covered
UNIT-1 (Disease Caused by Physical Agents and Poisoning of Organic and Inorganic Compounds)
1	Water intoxication, Radiation injury
2	Lightning stroke, electrocution and burn
3 & 4	Poisoning caused by inorganic compounds (Lead, arsenic, mercury, fluorine)
5 & 6	Poisoning caused by organic compounds (nitrate and nitrites, oxalate, strychnine)
UNIT-2 (Diseases caused by Farm Chemicals and Phytotoxins)
7	Poisoning caused by urea
8	Poisoning caused by organophosphophorus compound
9	Poisoning caused by chlorinated hydrocarbons
10	Poisoning caused by herbicides (Dinitrophenol compound, hormone weed killer, rodenticide).
UNIT-3 (Diseases caused by Mycotoxins and Zootoxins)
11	Poisoning by algae, Poisoning by fungi (mycotoxicosis), Poisoning caused by ergotism
12	Poisoning caused by aspergillus spp., Poisoning caused by miscellaneous fungi.
UNIT-4 (Diseases caused by Poisoning Plants, Snake and Insect Bites)
13	Ferns poisoning, Poisoning caused by weeds (Lantana Camara)
14	Fodder poisoning, HCN- poisoning
15	Poisoning caused by miscellaneous fodder crops (sorghum, Johnson grass, Sudan grass) and Poisoning caused by miscellaneous plants byproduct (tobacco, plants soyabean meal, linseed cake, cotton seed cake, rapeseed cake)
16	Snake bites, Bee stings, Tick paralysis and blister beetle poisoning

Suggested Readings:

Kahn, C.M. (Ed.). 2005. The Merck Veterinary Manual. Merck & Co.

Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, D.C.Blood and K.W. Hinchcliff 2000. Veterinary Medicine. WB Saunders.

VCM-611 VETERINARY FORENSIC MEDICINE 1 + 1=2

Objctive: To familiarize students with various aspects of Veterinary forensic medicine.

Lecture No.	Topics to be covered
UNIT-1 (Veterolegal Aspects of Antemortem and Postmortem Examination )
1 & 2	Rules and procedures for antemorteum examination
3 & 4	Important points in veterolegal aspects of antemorteum examination and material to be send for laboratory examination.
5	Gross autopsy observations, rules and proceduer for postmortem examination in different species.
6	Postmortem examination of veterolegal cases, submission of material of suspected cases.
UNIT-2 (Examination of Wounds, Blood, Offenses, Frauds in Animal Cruelty and Their Products Welfare, DNA Analysis of Clinical Samples)
7 & 8	Veterolegal aspects of wounds, blood, offenses and frauds, DNA analysis of clinical samples.
9 & 10	Common offenses against animals (killing, poisoning and maiming), Common frauds in sell of livestock and livestock products.
UNIT-3 (Study of Common Laws related to Veterolegal Aspects)
11	Acts/rules related to animal welfare.
12	Acts/rules related to wild life
13	Acts/rules related to prevention of animals diseases.
14	Acts/ rules related to drugs and related to public health.
15	Acts/rules related to veterinary practices.
16	The Indian penal code applicable to the Veterinary profession.
Practicals
1	Antemortem examination
2	Post mortem examination
3	Examination of wounds
4	Examination of blood stain
5	Examination of animals for bestiality
6 to 8	Common offenses in animals, Common frauds in animas and their products
9	Causes of sudden death in animals, snake bite, drowning, lighting stroke and electrocution
10	Collection of specimens for suspected poisoning.
11	Procedure for dispatching of materials for chemical examination.
12	Record of specimen collected for laboratory examination, postmortem report.
13	Examination of hairs for identification
14	The Biological waste (Management and handling Rules-1998)
15	Livestock importation act 1998
16	Visit to forensic laboratory

SuggestedReadings

Sharma, S.N., A.K. Gahlot and R.K. Tanwer (2003) Veterinary Jurisprudence. 5^th Ed. Camel Publ. House.

VCM-612 CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES 0+2=2

Objective:- Study the diagnostic protocols and procedures for various diseases of farm and companion animals.

Practical:

P. No.	Topic
UNIT I Clinical tests and their interpretation related to diseases of alimentary tract, liver, cardio vascular system, blood and blood-forming organs of various species of animals.
1-3	Clinical examination (auscultation, percussion and palpation) of alimentary tract of farm animals and companion animals. Passing of probing / stomach tube, nasogastric intubation and collection of contents and their evaluation. Evaluation and interpretation of abomasal fluid, Liver biopsy, radiography, endoscopy, USG, scintigraphy. Examination for occult blood.
4-8	Clinical examination (auscultation, percussion and palpation) of cardio vascular system blood and blood-forming organs of various species of animals. Recoding of ECG, blood pressure, radiographic examination, cardiac catheterization, bone marrow biopsy, lymph node biopsy and interpretation. Collection of blood for coagulation disorders, hematobiochemical indices.
9-10	Transfusion Medicine-blood transfusion & blood groups in animals
UNIT II Clinical tests and their interpretation related to respiratory, urinary, nervous, endocrine, musculoskeletal and integumentary systems of various species of animals.
11-13	Clinical examination (auscultation, percussion and palpation) of respiratory system. Rhinolaryngoscopic and endoscopic examination. Radiological examination of URT and LRT. Thoracocentesis.
14-17	Clinical examination (percussion and palpation) of urinary system. Catheterization, monitoring of urine out-put, fixing of catheter, cystocentesis, urinalysis. Prostrate examination. Retrograde hydropropulsion of urethal calculi. KFT, x-ray, pneumocystography, excretory urography / pyelography, biopsy.
18-21	Neurological examination. Evaluation of cranial nerves, reflexes, UMN, LMN, CSF tapping and evaluation, EEG, opthalmoscopic examination, radiological examination (survey, myelography, ventriculography).
22-26	Clinical examination for endocrinological examination. Thyroid profile (T3, T4, TSH, fT4), PTH, ACTH stimulation suppression test, glucose tolerance, low dose dexamethasone test, high dose dexamethasone, xylazine test, ketoacids. Lipid profile and interpretation : Cholesterol, Tryglycerides, Basal cortisol, growth hormone etc.
27-30	Clinical examination of musculoskeletal disorders. Radiological examination, EMG, synovial fluid examination. Arthroscopy. Metabolic Profiling of animals-Design, sampling, interpretation, bone density.
31-32	Clinical examination of skin / integumentary system. Collection and identification of external parasites. Skin scraping and woods lamp examination. Punch biopsy.

SuggestedReadings

Kaneko JJ. 2008. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 6th Ed. Elsevier.

Kelly WR. 1984. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd Ed. Eastbourne Balliere-Tindall.

VCM 613 VETERINARY EMERGENCY MEDICINE 0+2

Objective:- Diagnosis and therapeutic management of various medical emergencies in farm and companion animals.

Practical

P. No.	Topics to be covered
UNIT I Diagnosis and therapeutic management of various emergencies of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary and nervous systems,
1-2	Recognition of emergencies of farm and companion animals, clinical examination and data collection, diagnostic clinical protocol.
3-5	Triage, ABC support in emergency management of farm and companion animals.
6-8	Application of emergency care procedures for resuscitation of critically ill patient
9-12	Diagnosis and therapeutic management of cardiovascular emergencies of farm and companion animals (tachycardia, bradycardia, syncope, PCF, hypotension, hypertension pericarditis, valvular disorders etc.). DIC, shock, haemorrhage, continuous infusion therapy.
13-16	Diagnosis and therapeutic management of respiratory emergencies of farm and companion animals (Pulmonary edema, pleurisy, COPD / bronchospasm, dropped respirations pulmonary embolism etc.)
17-20	Diagnosis and therapeutic management of gastrointestinal-hepatic-pancreatic emergencies of farm and companion animals (GDV, choke, ulcerative gastritis, intussception, pancreatitis, hepatic encephalopathy etc.). Gastric lavage in ulcerative gastritis, tympany and colic.
21-24	Diagnosis and therapeutic management of urinary emergencies farm and companion animals (urethral calculi, anuria, ARF, CRF, obstructive uropathy, etc.). Peritoneal dialysis, interpretation of KFT
25-28	Diagnosis and therapeutic management of neurological emergencies of farm and companion animals (seizures, brain and spinal injuries, meningitis, encephalitis, UMN and LMN disorders, cranial nerve injuries etc.). CSF tapping and evaluation, evaluation of reflexes, myelography. Direct opthalmoscopy, tonometry etc. Opthalmic emergencies.
UNIT II Diagnosis and therapeutic management of various emergencies of toxicities, sting bites and burns of farm and companion animals.
29-30	Diagnosis and therapeutic management of various emergencies of toxicities (chemical, poisons, gastric lavage in poisoning, phytotoxicity, sting bites (bee, snake, scorpion etc.), electrocution, thermal injury and burns of farm and companion animals.
UNIT III Monitoring critical ill patient, application of emergency care procedures for resuscitation of critically ill patient
31-32	Monitoring critical ill patient (evaluation of CV, Urinary, RS etc. stability, assessment of parameters, modulation). Preparation of problem chart-efforts made to stabilize-result (day-wise / hourly evaluation). Adverse drug reactions.

SuggestedReading

Kirk RW.1995. Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. 6th Ed. WB Saunders.
Sattler FP & Knowles W. 2001. Veterinary Critical Care. Lea & Febiger.

VCM-614 CLINICAL PRACTICE- I 0+3=3

Objectives:- Application of the theoretical concepts of Veterinary Medicine in Practice

Lecture No.	Topics to be covered
1.	Clinical examination and preparation of data base of clinical cases.
2-5	Diagnostic and therapeutic protocol of various clinical cases in cattle
6-9	Diagnostic and therapeutic protocol of various clinical cases in Sheep and Goats
10-13	Diagnostic and therapeutic protocol of various clinical cases in Dogs.
14	Collection of various material and specimens from hospital and its dispatch to the laboratory
15	Fluid therapy in various disease conditions
16	Approach and management of life threatening casualties, Preparation of Emergency Drug Kit.
17-30	Recording of clinical cases of Diseases of various systems including Metabolic, Deficiency Diseases of different species of Domestic Animals (Min. 20 cases)
31-37	Presentation of clinical/ emergency cases by each student (minimum 5 cases)
38-43	Attending clinical cases of Inpatient and Outpatient Wards.
44	Visit toSuperspecialityHospital.

VCM-615 CLINICAL PRACTICE- II 0+3=3

Objectives:- Application of the theoretical concepts in practice

Lecture No.	Topics to be covered
1-3	Clinical examination and preparation of data base of various infectious and non-infectious clinical cases
4-10	Interpretations of X-ray/ ECG/ USG/ Endoscopy etc and Laboratory tests.
11-25	Recording of clinical cases of various systems including Metabolic and Deficiency Disorders of different species (Min. 25 cases)
26-27	Preparation of medical kit and attending emergency cases and critical care
28-32	Presentation of clinical cases/critical care management of each student (minimum 5 cases)
33-41	Attending Clinical cases of Inpatient and Outpatient wards
42-43	Visit toSuperspecialityHospital

VCM-691 MASTER’S SEMINAR 1+0=1

The topic of the seminar shall be finalized by the course teacher in consultation with the HOS/HOD.

VCM-699 MASTER’S RESEARCH 0+20=20

Lecture No.	Topics to be covered
	Unit I Diseases of cardiovascular system, blood and blood forming organs
1-2	Acute heart failure, Peripheral circulating failure, Congestive heart failure
3	Myocardial disease and cardiomyopathy
4	Endocarditis, valvular disease
5	Pericarditis
6	Arterial/venous thrombosis and embolism; DIC
7	Anaemia
8-9	Leukemia, lymphosarcoma, leukocytosis, Leucopenia.
10	Lymphangitis, lymphadenitis (lymphadenopathy)
	Unit II Diseases of musculosketal system and skin
11	Myositis, myopathy
12	Osteomyelitis
13	Osteodystrophy
14	Arthritis, synovitis
15	Arthropathy
16	Alopecia,Pityriasis
17	Hyperkeratosis, Parakeratosis Pachyderma,
18	Impetigo, Pyoderma, Seborrhoea
19	Vitiligo, Leukoderma
20	Urticaria, Pruritus
21	Photosensitization
22	Dermatitis
23	Subcutaneous emphysema
	Unit III Diseases of eyes, ears, nose
24	Conjunctivitis
25	Keratitis
26	Cataract
27	Glaucoma
28	Retinitis and retinopathy
29	Otohematoma
30	Otitis (externa, interna and media)
31	Epistaxis
32	Nasal granuloma, polyps, tumor

Lecture No.	Topic
1-8	UNIT-I General Systemic states and diseases of alimentary system & liver
	Fever, Equine endotoxaemia, Dehydartion, Shock
	Diseases of digestive system- Dental disorder, Choke, Oesophageal perforation, oesophagial moytility disorder, Gastritis, Gastric ulceration, Diarrhoea, Peritonitis, Colic, jaundice, Hepatic Encephalopathy.
9-16	UNIT-II Diseases of respiratory, cardiovascular system, blood and blood forming organs
	Pneumonia, Pleuro Pneumonia,Pneumothorax, hemothorax, Pulmonary oedema, COPD, EIPH, Guttural Pouch diseases
	Vulvular insufficiency, vegetative endocarditis
	Aquired coagulation disorder, Euine neonatal isoerythrolysis, Equine perpura hemorrhagia
17-24	UNIT-III diseases of urinary and nervous system
	ARF,CRF, UTI, Cystitis, Urinary incontinence
	Cerebral oedema, Brain abscess, Leukoencephalomalacia, Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis, peripheral Vesibular disease, Nigropallidal encephalomalacia, Spondylolisthesis
25-32	UNIT-IV Diseases of musculoskeletal system and skin
	Angular Limb deformities, Septic Arthritis , Navicular Diseases, laminitis, Subsolar abscess, Quittor, Fistulous withers, Tendimitis, Suspensory desmitis, Extertional rhabdomyelitis
	Keratitis, Equine recurrent uvelitis,
	Pemphigus, Follaceus, Urticaria, Anaphylaxis, Erythema multiforme, Drug eruption, Conact Dermatitis, Dermatophilosis, Folliculitis, Culicoides hypersensitivity , Cutaneous onchocerciasuis, equine summer score.

L. No	Topic
UNIT I Specific needs of canine and felines, Pet psychology; pet behavior and adaptation needs; General systemic states.
1-3	Canine & feline behavioral control, normal & abnormal behavior (urine spraying in cats, night hauling, psycosis, neurosis, fighting, hyper kinesis, anorexia nervosa, timidity, psychosomatic skin diseases, therapy of behavioral problems (excessive energy, routine, social attention, hormone therapy, destructive chewing, excessive barking, pray chasing, house soiling), Adaptation.
4-5	Toxemia, septicaemia, shock, Fever, Allergy & Anaphylaxis –Diagnostic and therapeutic approach
6-7	Stress, dehydration, disturbances of body fluids, electrolyte imbalance-Different approaches for correction
8-9	Cachexia, Disturbances of appetite food intake and nutritional status-Tests / planning for evaluation
UNIT II Diseases of digestive system, liver and pancreas, cardiovascular system, blood and blood-forming organs.
10-13	Stomatitis, oesophageal dialatation, gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric retention, enteritis, hepatitis and pancreatitis (acute pancreatitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency), hepatoencephalopathy, considerations of antimicrobial, prebiotics / naturaceuticals / interventions of drugs in the therapeutic managements of diseases of GI tract, liver and pancreatic insufficiencies.
14-17	Heart failures, drugs used in treatment of heart failures. Left and right ventricular hypertrophy. Congenital heart diseases, valvular heart diseases, boxer cardiomyopathy, Diagnosis and therapeutic management of canine heart worm disease(s), feline myocardial diseases, therapy of cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardias, bradycardias, pace maker therapy & CPR. Diagnosis and therapeutic management of thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, AIHA, anaemia, DIC and blood transfusion,
UNIT III Diseases of respiratory system, urogenital and nervous systems.
18-20	Laryngotracheitis, kennelcough, pleuropneumonia, Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pleural diseases.
21-23	Diagnosis and therapeutic management of acute & chronic renal failure, cystitis, nephritis, nephrosis, pyometra, mtrorrhagia.
24-25	Meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, cerebral edema, narcolepsy, epilepsy, ataxia, paralysis, paresis, myesthenia gravis.
UNIT IV Diseases of musculoskeletal system and skin.
26-27	Myositis, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, synovitis. Diagnosis and therapeutic management of common skin diseases (dermatitis, seborrhea, eczema, atophy etc.)
UNIT V Diseases of endocrine system, diseases of new borne animals.
28-30	Hypoglycaemia, growth hormone related dermotosis in dogs, hyper thyroidism, hypo & hyper adrenocortisum, ovarian imbalance, hypo/hypertestesteronism and their effects on skin, therapeutic management.
31-32	Neonatal hypoglycaemia, omphalitis, omphalophlebitis, neonatal diseases.

Lecture No.	Topics to be covered
Unit I (General Systemic States and Diseases of digestive system)
1-2	Hyperthermia, hypothermia, fever, septicemia, toxemia, dehydration and shock
3-4	Gastric ulcer, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis
5-6	Enteritis
Unit II (Diseases of cardiovascular and respiratory system)
7-8	Congestive heart failure, pericarditis, myocarditis and endocarditis
9	Anemia
10	Odema
11-12	Atrophic rhinitis,bronchitis,pleuropneumonia, pulmonary emphysema
Unit III(Diseases of Urogenital,Nervous system and Skin)
13	Nephritis,Pyelonephritis,Cystitis,
14	Urolithiasis,Metritis
15	Encephalitis
16	Dermititis,Alopcia,erythemia,Hyperkeratosis and Mange
Unit IV (Diseases of Endocrine system and of Newborn animals)
17	Endocrine disorders-Goiter, hypoglycemia,
18	Piglet anemia and neonatal mortality

Lecture No	Topics to be covered
1 to 4	Diseases caused due to deficiency of Vitamins (Vit. A, D, C, K, Vit. B-complex), Thiamine, Riboflavin, Pantothenic Acid, Niacin (Nicotinic Acid), Pyridoxine (B6), Biotin, Vit. B12 (Cynocobalamin), Choline.
5 to 8	Diseases caused due to deficiency of essential Minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Zn, & sodium chloride.)