Sr. No. | Course No. | Title | Credits | Semester |
1 | VMC 211 | General Veterinary Microbiology | 1+1=2 | III |
2 | VMC 221 | Veterinary Immunology & Serology | 1+1=2 | IV |
3 | VMC 311 | Systematic Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology | 2+1=3 | V |
4 | VMC 321 | Systematic Veterinary Virology | 2+1=3 | VI |
5 | VLD 421* | Veterinary Clinical Biochemistry & Diagnosis | 0+1=1 | VIII |
Course No. | VMC – 211 |
Credits | 1+1=2 |
Semester | III |
Year | Second |
S. N. | Topic outline |
1. |
Introduction and History
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2. |
Classification and Nomenclature
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3. |
Morphology and Structure
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4. |
Structure contd:
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5. |
Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria
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6. |
Growth and Reproduction
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7. |
Infection
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8. |
Pathogenicity and Virulence
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9. |
Bacterial genetics
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10. |
Mycology:
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11. |
Growth and nutrition of fungi
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12. |
Virology:
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13. |
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14. |
Replication of viruses
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15. |
Cell-virus interaction
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16. |
Viral genetics
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S.N. | Practical / Experiment |
1. | Equipments / Set-up of Microbiology laboratory General instructions for safety in Microbiology laboratory |
2. | Sterilization-Methods of sterilization Physical: Heat (dry / moist), Filtration: Different types of filters (Seitz / Membrane etc.); Radiation: Ultraviolet Preparation of materials for sterilization, Demonstration of working of Hot air oven, autoclave, instrument sterilizer, inspissator, Seitz and membrane filters etc. |
3. | Disinfection, antisepsis and asepsis Demonstration of method of estimation of phenol coefficient of chemical disinfectants |
4. | Bacterial Staining techniques Simple staining: Methylene blue and Leishman’s stains |
5. | Differential staining – Gram’s staining |
6. | Differential staining – Acid-fast staining / Z. N. staining |
7. | Special staining – Metachromatic granules (Albert’s stain), capsule (Hiss or negative staining) and spore staining (Schaffer and Fulton’s staining) |
8. | Bacterial motility Study of bacterial motility by hanging drop preparation |
9. | Preparation of culture media Liquid media-Nutrient broth; Solid media-Basal- Nutrient Agar Enriched media- Blood Agar; Differential media- Mac Conkey’s agar, Indicator media- EMB Agar |
10. | Aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of bacteria Culture Methods: Slant cultures, stab cultures, streak cultures, liquid cultures Anaerobic cultivation: Demonstration of anaerobic cultivation using McIntosh and Filde’s anaerobic jar, other methods of anaerobic cultivation viz. use of cooked meat medium etc. |
11. | Isolation of bacteria in pure cultures Different methods of obtaining pure cultures of bacteria Isolation by streak plate method |
12. | Cultural characteristics Study of cultural characteristics of bacteria on different media (solid and liquid) |
13. | Morphological studies: Preparation of smear / film from bacterial culture, fixation, staining by Gram’s stain, morphological studies including shape, size, arrangement, staining reaction etc. Demonstration of slides of different organisms eg. Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Bacillus anthracis, Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., other Gram negative bacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis etc. |
14. | Biochemical characteristics: Demonstration of Carbohydrate metabolism-Sugar fermentation tests, Methyl Red, Voges- Proskauer test; Protein breakdown- Indole, Nitrate, H2S production; Enzyme based tests- Catalase, oxidase, urease; Miscellaneous tests- Citrate test |
15 | Antibiotic sensitivity test– Disc diffusion technique |
16. | Slide culture technique and lactophenol cotton blue staining for fungus examination |
- Text Book of Microbiology by R. Ananthnarayan and C.K.J. Paniker
- Microbiology by Michael J. Pelczar, E.C.S. Chan and Noel R. Kreig
- Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology by G.R. Carter and Darla J. Wise
- Veterinary Virology by F.A. Murphy, E.P.J. Gibbs, M.C. Horzinek and M.J. Studdert
Course No. | VMC- 221 |
Credits | 1+1=2 |
Semester | IV |
Year | Second |
S. N. | Topic outline |
1. | Historical development of Immunology. Introduction and scope of Veterinary Immunology |
2 | Immune system: Organs -central and peripheral lymphoid organs, Thymus, Bursa etc. Cells involved in immunity: Lymphocytes – classes, development of different types |
3 | Cells involved in immunity contd. T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils etc. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) – MHC classes, structure, role |
4 | Immunity: Definition, types of immunity- innate immunity, mechanisms of innate immunity (non-specific defense) |
5 | Immunity contd.: Acquired immunity – active and passive immunity |
6 | Immune response: Humoral and cellular immune response; Primary and secondary immune response |
7 | Antigen: Definition, properties and types of antigen, specificity of antigens, blood group antigens, Antigenic determinant / epitope, Factors influencing immunogenicity |
8 | Antibodies: Immunoglobulin structure, site and mechanism of antibody formation; theories of antibody production |
9 | Antibodies: Structure, properties and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins Hybridoma technique and monoclonal antibodies |
10 | Complement system: Complement components, Activation of complement by classical, alternate and mannose binding pathways. |
11 | Antigen-antibody reactions: General features of antigen-antibody reactions, antibody affinity, avidity, specificity; forces binding antigen and antibody |
12 | Principle and applications of precipitation and agglutination reactions; phagocytosis, opsonic index |
13 | Principle and applications of complement fixation, neutralization, cytolysis, toxin-antitoxin neutralization, immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassays |
14 | Hypersensitivity: Definition, types of hypersensitivity- immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, mechanisms of different types of hypersensitivity reactions |
15 | Autoimmunity: Definition, mechaimsms, classification of autoimmune disorders with examples. Immunological tolerance. |
16 | Biologicals: Vaccines – inactivated, live and modern vaccines their advantages and disadvantages, adjuvants, quality control of vaccines |
S.N. | Practical / Experiment |
1. | Preparation of antigen Heat killed / formalinized whole cell bacterin Preparation of sheep RBC suspension for raising haemolysin |
2 | Raising of antisera Raising antiserum against particulate antigen e.g. haemolysin against sheep RBCs Raising antiserum against soluble antigen e.g. bovine serum albumin |
3 | Separation and concentration of immunoglobulins by ammonium sulfate precipitation method |
4 | Agglutination reactions: Plate / slide agglutination test e.g. RBPT for detection of Brucella antibodies Tube test e.g. standard tube agglutination test for detection of Brucella antibodies |
5 | Agglutination reactions contd.: Haemagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition tests |
6 | Agglutination reactions contd.: Indirect / passive haemagglutination test Latex co-agglutination test |
7 | Precipitation reactions: Agar gel precipitation test |
8 | Precipitation reactions contd.: Radial immunodiffusion (RID) Counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) Rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE) |
9 | Complement fixation test: Titration of complement and haemolysin |
10 | Complement fixation test: Complement fixation test proper |
11 | Immunoperoxidase test |
12 | Immunofluorescence test |
13 | Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Direct ELISA |
14 | ELISA: indirect, sandwich, dot-ELISA |
15 | Detection of cell mediated immunity: Demonstration of tuberculin testing |
16 | Visit to veterinary biologicals |
- Veterinary Immunology: An Introduction by Ian R. Tizard
- Text book of Microbiology by R. Anantnarayan and C.K.J. Paniker
Course No. | VMC-311 |
Credits | 2+1=3 |
Semester | V |
Year | Third |
S. N. | Topic outline |
Study of following pathogenic bacteria and fungi in relation to their, morphology, staining characters, isolation, growth requirements and cultural characters, biochemical properties, antigenic characters and toxins, pathogenicity, diagnosis and immunity | |
1. | Genus: Staphylococcus, Extracellular metabolites of Staphylococci |
2 |
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3 |
Genus: Streptococcus
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4 |
Genus: Streptococcus contd.
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5 |
Genus: Bacillus
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6 |
Genus: Clostridum
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7 |
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8 |
Genus: Mycobacterium
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9 |
Genus: Mycobacterium contd.
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10 |
Family: Enterobacteriaceae- General features and classification
Genus: Escherichia
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11 |
Genus: Salmonella
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12 |
Genus: Yersinia
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13 |
Genus: Klebsiella
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14 |
Genus: Campylobacter
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15 |
Genus: Brucella
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16 |
Genus: Pasteurella
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17 |
Genus: Pseudomonas
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18 |
Genus: Moraxella
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19 |
Genus: Actinobacillus
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20 |
Genus: Listeria
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21 |
Genus: Arcanobacterium
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22 |
Genus: Nocardia
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23 |
Spirochaetes
Genus: Leptospira
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24 |
Genus: Mycoplasma
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25 |
Rickettsia
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26 |
Chlamydia
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27 |
Dermatophytes
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28 |
Genus: Aspergillus
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29 |
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30 |
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31 |
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32 |
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S.N. | Practical / Experiment |
Laboratory identification of agents of….. | |
1. |
Mastitis:
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2 |
Mastitis contd.:
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3 |
Haemorrhagic septicaemia:
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4 |
Enteric infections:
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5 |
Enteric infections contd:
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6 |
Brucellosis:
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7 |
Tuberculosis:
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8 |
Johne’s disease:
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9 |
Clostridial infections: Black quarter
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10 |
Clostridial infections: Enterotoxaemia
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11 |
Wooden tongue / lumpy jaw:
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12 |
Anthrax:
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13 | Glanders: Mallein testing |
14 |
Aspergillosis:
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15 |
Dermatophytosis:
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16 |
Yeasts:
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- Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology by G.R. Carter and D.J. Wise
- Text Book of Veterinary Microbiology by Prof. S.N. Sharma & S.C. Adlakha
- Veterinary Bacteriology and Virology byI.A. Merchant & R. A. Packer
Course No. | VMC – 321 |
Credits | 2+1=3 |
Semester | VI |
Year | Third |
S. N. | Topic outline |
1 | Brief History of virology, classification and important characteristics of various families of DNA. |
Study of following viruses causing diseases in livestock and poultry with reference to classification, morphology, physico-chemical properties, cultivation, antigenic characters, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis and immunity | |
DNA VIRUSES | |
2 | Poxviridae : Cowpox, buffalo pox, fowl pox |
3 | Poxviridae contd.: Sheep pox, goat pox, lumpy skin disease, orf |
4 | Asfaviridae : African swine fever |
5 | Herpesviridae: Pseudorabies, Malignant catarrhal fever, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and equine abortions |
6 | Herpesviridae contd.: Marek’s disease and infectious laryngotracheitis |
7 | Adenoviridae: Infectious canine hepatitis |
8 | Adenoviridae contd.: Egg drop syndrome, Inclusion body hepatitis – Hydropericardium syndrome |
9 | Papillomaviridae: Papillomatosis |
10 | Parvoviridae: Canine parvovirus |
11 | Circoviridae: Chicken infectious anemia |
RNA VIRUSES | |
12 | Orthomyxoviridae: swine influenza, equine influenza |
13 | Orthomyxoviridae contd.: Avian Influenza |
14 | Paramyxoviridae: Rinderpest, PPR |
15 | Paramyxoviridae contd.: Canine distemper |
16 | Paramyxoviridae contd.: Ranikhet disease |
17 | Flaviviridae: classical swine fever, bovine viral diarrhoea |
18 | Picornaviridae: Duck viral hepatitis |
19 | Picornaviridae contd.: Foot and Mouth disease |
20 | Rhabdoviridae: ephemeral fever, vesicular stomatitis |
21 | Rhabdoviridae contd.: Rabies |
22 | Coronaviridae: Avian infectious Bronchitis, Transmissible gastroenteritis |
23 | Togaviridae: Equine encephalitis (WEE, EEE and VEE) |
24 | Arteriviridae: Equine viral arteritis Caliciviridae: Vescicular exanthema |
25 | Retroviridae: Avian leucosis |
26 | Lentiviruses: Equine infectious anemia |
27 | Lentiviruses contd.: Maedi, visna, sheep pulmonary adenomatosis |
28 | Reoviridae: African horse sickness |
29 | Reoviridae contd.: Blue tongue, Calf rotavirus |
30 | Birnaviridae: Infectious bursal disease |
31 | Prions: BSE, Scrapie |
32 | Emerging animal and poultry viruses – equine morbillivirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Nipah, Hanta Chandipura |
S. N. | Practical |
1. | Preparation of glassware and equipments for virus work |
2. | Preparation of media, solutions, buffers and their sterilization |
3. | Demonstration of primary cell culture Preparation and subculturing the cell line |
4. | Chick embryo inoculation and harvesting of virus Allantoic and Chorio-allantoic membrane routes |
5. | Chick embryo inoculation and harvesting of virus Amniotic and yolk sac routes |
6. | Animal inoculation for cultivation of viruses |
7. | Infection of cell cultures with virus and study of cytopathic effects – Demonstration |
8. | Study of viral inclusions: Detection of Negri bodies in brain brain impression smears stained by Seller’s stain |
9. | Collection, preservation and transport of clinical specimen for virological investigations |
10. | Processing of material for virus isolation |
Diagnostic procedures for following viral diseases including collection of specimens, preservation, processing and application of specific tests | |
11. | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): ELISA / AGID |
12. | Foot and mouth disease (FMD): CFT / ELISA |
13. | Ranikhet disease (RD): Chicken embryo inoculation, HA & HI |
14. | Bluetongue: AGID / ELISA |
15. | Avian infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease: Chicken embryo inoculation / AGID |
16. | Canine Parovirus: Haemagglutination test Infectious bovine rhinotrachitis (IBR): dot ELISA |
- Veterinary Virology by F.A. Murphy, E.P.J. Gibbs, M.C. Horzinek and M.J. Studdert
- Veterinary Virology by S. N. Sharma and S.C. Adlakha
- Veterinary Virology by S. B. Mohanty and S.K. Datta
Course No. | VLD – 421 |
Credits | 0+1=1 |
Semester | VIII |
Year | Fourth |
S. N. | Practical / Experiment |
1 to 16 |
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